Hinge.



E. ZUCKERIVAN.

HINGE.

APPLICATION FILED Dsc. I4, 1914.

Patented @en 1, 1918.

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HINGE.

v APPLICATION FILED DEC. I4. 1914.

Pafmed @Im 1, 1918.

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HINGE.

vSpecication of Letters Patent.

Patented Uct.. il,

Application led December 14, 1914. Serial No. 877,154.

T all 'whom it may concern; A

Be it known that I, EMIL ZUCKERMAN, a citizen of the United States,residing at New l vYork city, in the county of the Bronx and State ofNew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hinges,of which the following is a specification, such as will enable thoseskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

vrll`his invention relates to hinges and particularly to what are calledinvisible or concealed hinges and more particularly to hinges of theclass such as are described and shown in lLetters Patent of the UnitedStates granted to me Sept. 24, 1912` No. 1,039,628, and Aug. 25, 191i,No. 1,108,308.

The ob] ect of the invention is to provide a new and improved `hinge foruse on pianos, doors, furniture, cabinet work and other articles anddevices on which a hinge is used,

and'without danger of binding the hinged members.

A further Obj ect of the invention described and claimed herein, is torenderhinges of this class more durable and stronger, and simple inconstruction and operation and to enable same to be made entirely ofsteel stampings or stampings of any other metal, from the smallest sizeforV use on pianos to the largest size for use on heavy doors. Iaccomplish the desired result by the use of links disposed and actuatedin inverse order to other links forming a connection between the twomain parts or attaching members of the hinge. By applying movableinverted guiding means, I anienabled to construct the hinges in allsizes without the use of grooves or slots as guiding means for theconnecting members. As no grooves or slots are required in the designand construction herein shown, the use of soft and brittle cast metalparts are unnecessary', and the result of stamped metal construction isacheaper and a stronger hinge.

As shown in the accompanying drawings,

use is made of attaching members arranged one for attaching to a fixed'part and the other to a movable part of the device on which the hingeis to be used, a connection Jfor connecting the said attaching memberswith each other, consisting of pivotally connected movable members; saidconnection pivotally secured near'one side of each of the attaching"members, and guiding members iovotally secured.- seaif the other side ofeach of the attaching members and to the said connection. A practicalembodiment oi" the invention is represented in the accompanying drawingsforniing a part of this specification, in which similar characters ofreference indicatecorresponding parts in all the views.

.Figure 1 is a sectional plan view of the hinge as applied to a door anda door frame in a closed position;

Fig. 2 isa similar view of the same with the door partly open; l

Fig. 3 is a like View of lthe same with the door fully open;

Fig. 4 is an inner side view of the same shown in a closed position; uFig. 5 is a 'front view of the same shown in an open position;

Figs. 6 and 7 are sectional'plan views ot modified forms of the hinge;

Figs. 8 and 9 show the connecting link and stop as indicated in Figs. 1and 6;

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of one of the attaching members;

Figs. 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 are views of a different type'of hinge, butprovided with the inverted guiding means which is a part of myinvention;

Fig. 16 is a sectional plan view of the hinge shown and described inLetters Patent of the United States granted to me Aug. 25, 1914, No.1,108,308, excepting that I substitute'the inverted guiding means whichis a part of this invention instead of the guiding means shown in theabove mentioned patent.

As illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the hinge is shown applied toa ixed member or door casing a and a movable member or door b, and thehinge is provided with attaching members c and cl, of any approvedconstruction and ymaterial, but preferably of sheet metal stamped intothe required form as' shown in Figs. 4` and 10. rllhe attaching membersare mortised in the adjacent ends of thedoor casing a and the door b andfastened thereto by screws c through the flanges forming the front faceof the at taching members, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Near the outerside of the attaching memberv c or that side toward which the doorswings in opening, is arranged a vertically disposed pivot f on which ismounted to swing the lll-shaped link g, and a similar link g1 is mountedto swing on a vertically disposed pivot f1. attached near the outer sideof the attaching member d, The links g and lll@ g1 cross one another,and the free end of the link g extends into the attaching member QZ,while the free end of the link g1' eX- tends into the attaching member0. Near the inner side of the attaching member c, or that side parallelwith and opposite the outer side thereof is arranged a verticallydisposed pivot 71, on which is mounted to swing the link c', and asimilar link Z1 is mounted to swing on a vertically disposed pivot 7t1attached near the inner side of the attaching member (Z. The free end ofthe link 0' is pivotally connected to the free end of the lin-k g1 bymeans of a pin j, while the freeend of the link 0'1 is pivotallyconnected to the free end of the link gby means of the pin j1. The linkg and the lin-k 01 are connected with each other by means of thel-inkpivotally connected to both by thel pins Z and Z1. The llink g1 and thelink 0'1 are similarly connected with each other by means of the "1in-k701 pivotally connected to both by It will be noticed that the pins Z2and Z". the link 70 is attached to the link 0I about centrally thelatters length and to the llink gnear the end thereof which is pivotedtothe attaching member c, and that the link 701 is attached siinilarlytothe links @'1- and g1. It is understood that the pins y', jl, Z, Z1, Z2and Z3 have no connection with the attaching members. It will be noticedthat the series of links g, g1, e', 1, 70, 70l may be-arranged one overthe other as shown in Figs. Il and 5 and connected in themannerdescribed, so as to provide any desired strength, according to theuse of the hingeon light or `heavy doors or other devices on whichhinges are used.

It is understood that the links g and g1 are the main connecting links,the links 70 and 701 are 'the supplementary connecting links, and the`links c and 0'1 are the guiding links, which by their connection withthe main and supplementary connecting links, insure working in unison ofthe said mai-n and supplementary connecting links on opening andclosing` the door. By the arrange` ment described, each attaching memberc or (Z is provided with a pair of links g, e' or g1, 1 and the pair oflinks in each attachingmember is connected to the pair of links in theother attaching member at their free ends by means of pivots or pins,and also the pair of links connected with each attache ing member areconnected with each other by a connecting link. Zhen the door o swingsinto .open position the links i and' 111 swing outwardly and the links70 and 701 move outwardly toward the front of the respective attachingmembers to which they are connected owing to the action of the mainconnecting links g and ,f/1'whicha-lso swing outwardly; and thesupplementary connecting links. 70 and 701 overlie the `main connectinglinks g and g1 at the time the door is swung into a completely openposition, S0. that the door is firmly supported while in open position.The guide links 0' and 1 by their connections with the main connectinglinks g and g1 and the suppleinentary connecting links 70 and 701 insureworking in unison of the connecting links, and causethe attachingmembers to separate and come together uniformly and also prevents thehinged inen'ibersl from` binding, in opening and closing thedoor orother device on whichthe hinge is used. The free ends ofthe mai-nconnecting links g and g1, byreason off their shape, form.` stops g2 andg3A of whichthe stop g2 is adapted to be engaged by the pivot pins f andZ1 while the stop g-I3 is adapted tohbe engaged'fby the pins f1 and Z2at the time the hinge swings `into open position as indicated in Fig. 3.y These stops; limit the. opening movement of the hinge, andalso assistin relieving the hinge of undue strain. The supplementary connectinglinks-70 and 701 are provided with lugs or" stops 702 and 703 formed of'a portion of the said links extendingbeyond the pivot pins Z" and Z3',and the said lugs are adaptedI to befengaged `by theV pivot pins 70, 701at the time the hinge moves into.` open position as indicated in Fig. 3.These lugs or stops limit the open-ing movement of the hinge, and assistin relieving the hinge of undue strain, and are also Adesigned toprevent the pins j and j1 from swinging beyond dead center of pins 70,Z1 or 7L1, Z2 when the hinge swings into open position as shown in Fig.3. It will be noticed that the supplementary connecting links 70 and701` are so designed as to cover `both ends of the pivots jy and y'1 atall times during the operation of the hinge. If the link members arelaidl one over the other in the manne-r shown in Figsjdr` and 5, this`feature is of economic advantage from a manufacturing point ofV view, asfthe said pivot pins j and i1 are held in place without riveting theends and without danger ofV said pins working out of position atterv thelink members` are assembled.

In Fig. 6 I show a slight modicationof the hinge. Y Instead of `the lugsor stops 702 and 703 shown in 1,2, 3` and 8, andforniing a part of thesupplementary connecting links 70 and 701, I substitute therefor notches704 and 705 of which the notch 704 is adapted to be engaged 'by thepivot pin y', while the notch 705 is adapted to. be engaged by the pivotpin j1 at the time the hinge swings into open position. These notches704 and 705 serve the same purpose as the lugs 702 and 751" and are'merely variations of the latter.

In Fig. 7 I show a further modification of the hinge `YVhereas in Figs.1,2, 3 and G, I show the supplementary connecting links attached at oneVof their ends to the guiding links, about midway the latterslength, inFig. 7 I show said supplementary connect ends to the pivot pins y' andb7'1 connecting the free ends of the guiding links and 'i1 with the'freeends vof the vmain connecting links g and g1. I do not show `any stopsor lugs to limit the opening movement of this hinge, but lugs similar.to those shown in Fig. 1 maybe attached to the supplementary connectinglinksk and 701. It will be noticed that by the arrangement herewithdescribed two ofthe pivot pins are dispensed with. Also that by reasonof the connection of 'the supplementary connecting links with the pivotpins j and y1, the said supplementary connecting links may be consideredas being connected with either the guiding links i and i1, or the mainconnecting lings g and g1, or with both the `guiding and the mainconnecting links.

In Figs. 11, 12, 13, 14C and 15, I show the inverted guiding means whichis a part of my invention applied to a hinge different from that shownin Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.7. 'Ihehinge isshown appliedv to a iiXedlmember A and a movable member B, andthe hinge is provided withattaching members C and D. As shown in Figs. 14 and 15,fthe attachingmembers are mortised in the adjacent ends Vci .the fixed member A andthe movable member B, an'd fastened thereto by'screws E through thefront face of the attaching members. Near the outer side of theattaching member C is arranged a vertically disposed pivot F on which ismounted to swing the U-shaped link G, and a simil-ar link G1 is mountedto swing on a vertically disposed pivot F1 attached near the outer sideof the attaching member D.

The link G crosses the link G1 and is pivloted therewith by means of apin H which has no connection with the attaching members C and D, andthe free end of the link G extends into the attaching member D while thefree end of the link G1 extends into'the attaching' member C. Near theinner side of the attaching memberCis arranged a vertically disposedpivot I on which is mounted to swing the link J, and a similar link J1is mounted to swing on a vertically disposed pivot I1 attached nearV theinner side of the attaching member D. The free end of the link `J ispivotally connected to the link G1 near the free end thereof by means ofa pin K, while the freeend of the link J1 is pivotally connected to thelink G` near the free end thereof by means of theV pin K1. It isunderstood that the pins K and K1 have no connection with the attachingmembers VC and D.l As shown in Figs. 1li and 15, the series of links G,G1, J

and J1 maybe arranged one over the other and' connected in the mannerdescribed so as to provide any desired strength according to the use ofthe hinge on light orheavy docla-"Sti lt iS. understood that the Gr andG1 are the connecting links and the links J and J1 are the guidinglinks. rIhe links G and G1 by their connection with the attachingmembers C and D `and with each other by means of the pin II form the conncction between the attaching members C and D. The links J and J1 bytheir connection with the attaching members C and D and the' connectinglinks G and G1- orm guiding links to insure working in unison of theconnecting links and uniformly separate and bring together the attachingmembers, and prevent binding of the hinged members in opening andclosing; the door. By the arrangement described each attaching meinber Cor D is provided with a pair of links G, J or G1, J1 arranged in inverseorder to each other and one of the links in each attaching member isconnected with both of the links in the other attaching member. It willbe noted that the guiding links J and J1 .are connected and arranged inthe attaching members C and D inversely to the connecting links G andG1. Whereas the connecting links G and G1 are secured near the outerside of the attaching members with the swinging portions directed towardthe inner side of the attaching members, the guiding links J and J1 aresecured to the inner side of the attaching members with the swingingportions directed toward the outer side of the attaching members. Whenthe door B swings into open position the links G, J and G1, J1 swing intheir respective attaching members toward the front Jface thereof, andthe connecting links G and G1 overlie each other at the time the door isswung into a completely open position so that the door is firmlysupported while in open position. The connecting links G and G1 areprovided with notches G2 and G3 of which the notch G2 is adapted to beengaged by the pivot pin F while the notch G3 is adapted to be engagedby the pivot pin F1 at the time the door swings into open position asindicated in Fig. 13, and assists in relieving the hinge of undue strainand in limiting the opening movement of the hinge. The connecting linksG and G1 are also provided with lugs or stops G1 and G5 formed of theends of the said connecting links beyond the pivot pins K and K1, ofwhich the lug G1 is adapted to be engaged by the pivot pin I while thelug (/5 is adapted to be engaged by the pivot pin I1 at the time thehinge swings into open position as indicated in Fig. 13, and assists inrelieving the hinge of undue strain and also acts as a stop to limi-tthe opening movement of the hinge, and is also designed to prevent thepins K and K1 from swinging beyond dead center of pins I, H or I1, Hwhen the hinge swings into open position as shown in Fig. 13.

Except-,ing a the largest 'ze hinge for lll@ on heavy doors, it has beennecessary heretofore to use grooves or slots as guiding means forthe'connecting means. in the particular type of hinge shown in Figs. 11,12, 13, 14 and 15. These grooves or slots are formed in the attachingmembers, and the connecting means slide therein during the operation ofthe hinge. The use of these grooves or .slots were necessary to properlyopen the hinged members without binding, and as stated above, only inthe very largest size was it possible t0 dispense with the grooves anduse instead movable guiding means or links. The type of guiding linkused is similar to that shown and described in Letters Patent oi theUnited States granted to me Aug.`25, 1914, No. 1,108,308 and in priorpatents granted to others, and is secured to the attaching membersnearest the outer side of the same and on the same side thereof to whichthe connecting means are secured, and the said guiding links mounted ineach attaching member swing in the same manner and direction as theother links in the said attaching' member. In my invention, as shown inFigs. 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 I propose to attach my guiding means nearthe inner side of the attaching members, with the direction of itslength arranged inversely to the connecting means. By this arrangementIam enabled to guide the connecting means in such manner as to cause thehinge to open and close without binding` the hinged members, in short,causing suiiicient clearance to be maintained to prevent the swingingmember from touching the stationary member during the operation ot thehinge, and re-. moving the necessity of grooves or slots in this type ofhinge in all sizes from the very smallest to the largest made. i

The hinge shown inv Fig. 16 is a modification of the hinge shown inLetters Patent of the United States granted to me August 25,

1914, No. 1,108,308. Instead of the guiding links shown and described inthe said patent, I substitute the inverted guiding means which is a partof this invention. The links L, L1, M and M1 correspond with the linksH, H1, J and J1 of the above mentioned patent and are secured to theattaching members and to each other in the same general manner. Theinverted guiding links N and N1 are connected to the tree ends M2 and M3of the links M and M1 and to the inner side of the attachingl members Cand D.

In the Letters Patent of the U. S. granted to me Sept. 24, 1912, No.1,039,628, I show and describe connecting links slidably mounted oneover the other and pivotally connected to each attaching member andguided in grooves connected with the other attaching member. Theinverted guiding means which isa `part of this invention may be appliedto thehinge described in the above mentioned i patent. nleuof thegrooves shownyenablng the hinge to be Constructed `with SlletY metal;

In the foregoing I refer to the guiding links as inverted inverselydisposed,7

inversely connected, arranged in inverse order. By this I mean guidinglinks turned in upside down fashion: to the other links or turned toacontraryv direction, or to be still more explicit, guiding links soconnected to the attaching members that when the hinge is in closedvposition, the swinging portions of the said guiding links are directedtoward .that sideoi' the attaching members to which the other` links.are connected.

Although I havedescribed my invention as shown in the accompanyingdrawings, other changes in and'modiications of the construction hereinshown and described may be made Within the scope of the appended claimsWithout departing from the sprit of my invention or sacrificing its adjvantages.

Having thus described by invention, l:l

claim` as new and desire to se4 Patent 1. A hinge for connecting theswinging and stationary portions ofV the device on which it is used;said hinge consisting of two attaching members, a link swinginglyconnected at each side of each attaching member, and means` connectingthe said links with each other.

2. A hinge for connecting the swinging and stationary portions of thedevice on which it is used; said hinge consistingof two ure by Lettersattaching members, two separated links` swingingly connected toopposite` sides of each, attaching member, means connecting the links ofeach attaching men-liber with each other, and meansv connecting the`links of each attaching member with` the other attaching member.

3. A hinge for connecting the swinging and stationary porti-ons of thedevice on which it is used; said hinge consisting of two attachingmembers. and a connection of movable links; the said connection arrangedin and pivotally connected with the attach ing members so that theswinging portions of the pivoted links in each attaching member areinversely directed toward opposite sides of the attaching members at thetime the hinge is in closed position,

4. A hinge comprising two attaching members arranged one for attachmentto aixed part and the other to` a movable partV of the device on whichthe hinge is used,

links swingingly mounted in each"attachingv member and disposed andactuated inversely to each other but swingingv in the same directionduring the openingA and closing of the device on which the hinge isused, means con-y netting2 the. linksV of each. ettachilgimembelznaeoa'r with each other, and means connecting the links of eachattaching member with the links of the other attaching member.

5. A hinge comprising two recessed mortised members and movable meanspivotally connecting each side of each attaching member with thediagonally opposite parallel side of the other attaching member.

6. A hinge comprising two attaching members, movable means pivotallyconnecting each side of each attaching member with the diagonallyopposite parallel side of the other attaching member, and meansconnecting the pivotally connecting means with each other at the pointwhere said connecting means intersect each other.

7. A hinge comprising attaching members, a connection for connecting theattaching members with each other, guiding means pivoted to theattaching members and to the said connection, and means connected to thesaid connection and deslgned to engage the pivot connecting the guidingmeans to the attaching members in such manner as to limit the openingmovement of the said guiding means.

8. A hinge comprising attaching members, links pivotally secured at bothsides oit each attaching member, and links connecting the links securedat one side of the attaching members With the links secured at the otherside of the attaching members. p

9. A hinge comprising two attaching members, a main connecting linkswingingly secured to one side of each attaching member, an invertedguiding link swingingly secured to the other side of each attachingmember, and a supplementary connecting link connecting the mainconnecting and guiding links of each attaching member; all of the linksbeing adapted to swing or move toward and away from the front face ofthe attaching member to which they are secured during the opening andclosing movements of the hinged members. Y

10. A hinge comprising two attaching members, a main connecting linkmounted in each attaching member and crossing each other, the free endof the link mounted in each attaching member connected to an invertedguiding link mounted in the other attaching member, a supplementary'connecting link connecting the main connecting and guiding links of eachattaching member, and lugs or stops forming a part of the supplementaryconnecting links and adapted to limit the movement of the guiding linkswhen the hinge is moved into open position. 1l. A hinge comprising twoattaching members, main links connect-ed to each other and to theattaching members, guide links connected to the attaching members and tothe main links, and means whereby the pins or pivots connecting the mainlinks to the guide links are prevented from moving beyond an imaginaryline drawn between the pin or pivot connecting the main links to eachother and the pins or pivots connecting the guide links to the attachingmembers.

EMIL ZUCKERMAN.

Witnesses lsknonn Senna/mn, EZYEL KAMENY.

Copies ci. this patent may be obtained for five cents each, byaddressingI the Commissioner et @atenta Washington, D.. G.

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